天津职业技术师范大学学报

在对铝合金6061进行平面超声滚压加工的基础上，设计了基于进给方向和主轴旋转方向、静压力、滚压次数的试验，分别从硬度、表面粗糙度、表面形貌和残余应力4个方面开展了不同的加工工艺和加工参数对铝合金6061表面性能的影响研究。结果表明：进给方向和主轴旋转方向对硬度的影响随着方向的改变呈现增加的趋势，材料表面硬度随着静压力的增加而增加，随着滚压次数的增加先增大后减小；与相同方向和上下方向进给滚压相比，从4个方向进给滚压可以获得较小的表面粗糙度值（0.554μm），不同主轴旋转方向粗糙度低于相同旋转方向，表面粗糙度随静压力和滚压次数的增加均呈现先减小后增大的趋势；与未滚压相比，超声滚压后工件的表面形貌轮廓曲线及表面三维形貌得到明显改善；超声滚压处理使工件表面的残余拉应力转变为残余压应力，并且进给方向不同时工件残余应力（-441.5 MPa）大于相同方向进给时的残余应力（-362.6 MPa）；主轴旋转方向不同时工件残余应力（-435.6 MPa）大于相同方向的残余应力（-362.6 MPa）；残余应力随着静压力和滚压次数的增加而增加，过量的滚压次数使材料表面产生疲劳失效，导致残余应力降低。

This paper focuses on using ultrasonic surface rolling processing(USRP) on aluminum alloy 6061. Experiments were designed based on the feed direction and spindle rotation direction, static pressure, and rolling times in order to examine the effect of different machining processes and parameters on the surface properties of aluminum alloy 6061, specifically in terms of hardness, surface roughness, surface morphology, and residual stress. The results are as follows. The effect of feeding direction and spindle rotation direction on hardness exhibits a general trend of increase as these directions are altered. The surface hardness of material increases with the increase of static pressure, and increases and then decreases with the increase of the number of rolling times. Compared with the same direction and the vertical direction of the feeding rolling, the surface roughness can be obtained with smaller values(0.554 μm) from the feeding rolling in 4 directions, and the roughness of different spindle rotation directions is lower than the same rotation direction, and the surface roughness with the increase of static pressure and the number of rolls shows a trend of decreasing and then increasing. Compared with the unrolled surface, the surface profile curve and the three-dimensional surface morphology of the workpiece after ultrasonic rolling are significantly improved. The ultrasonic rolling treatment transforms the residual tensile stress on the surface of the workpiece into the residual compressive stress, and the residual stress of the workpiece with different feeding directions(-441.5 MPa) is greater than the residual stress in the same direction of feeding(-362.6 MPa). The residual stress in the workpiece in different directions of spindle rotation(-435.6 MPa) is greater than that in the same direction(-362.6 MPa).The residual stress increases with the increase of the hydrostatic pressure and the number of rolling times, and the excessive number of rolling times causes the fatigue failure of the material surface, which leads to the reduction of the residual stress.