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为揭示电动汽车与燃油车在噪声特征上的本质差异，通过量化分析不同车速下的噪声烦躁度值，构建科学的声品质评价体系。选取4款典型车型（2款纯电动汽车，车型为WE、ZE;2款传统燃油车，车型为QC、LC），在车速为60、80、100 km/h这3个典型工况下，以12个汽车噪声样本为研究对象，通过主客观评价方法对噪声烦躁度值的差异性、相关性和标准化处理进行分析。实验结果表明：响度与ASDM的相关系数最高，达0.974；电动汽车烦躁度值偏低，燃油车烦躁度值偏高；在3种不同工况下，将烦躁度由低到高排序，燃油车QC的烦躁度排名在前，电动汽车WE与ZE排名在中，燃油车LC排名在后。主成分分析方法能有效提取噪声特征的关键维度。
Abstract：To reveal the essential differences in noise characteristics between electric vehicles(EVs)andfuelvehicles(FVs),a scientific sound quality evaluation system is constructed by quantitatively analyzing the noise annoyance values at different vehicle speeds. Four typical models(two EVs, models WE and ZE, and two traditional FVs, models QC and LC) were selected, and the differences, correlations and standardization of noise annoyance values were analyzed by subjective and objective evaluation methods with 12 vehicle noise samples under three typical working conditions, namely, 60, 80 and100 km/h. The experimental results show that: the correlation coefficient between loudness and ASDM was the highest,reaching 0.974; the annoyance values of EVs were low, while those of FVs were relatively high; and the annoyance values are ranked from low to high under the three different working conditions, with FV QC having the highest annoyance ranking,EVs WE and ZE in the middle, and FV LC having the lowest ranking. PCA(Principal Component Analysis) can effectively extract the key dimensions of noise features.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19573/j.issn2095-0926.202502008
中图分类号:U461.4;U469.7
引用信息:
[1]牛祥,赵海军,崔新涛,等.主成分分析方法对电动汽车与燃油车声品质的主客观评价对比[J].天津职业技术师范大学学报,2025,35(02):48-54+68.DOI:10.19573/j.issn2095-0926.202502008.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（U1604141）; 天津市科技计划项目（23KPHDRC00170）